To the Lighthouse

 To answer the 8th question, the last line of the novel,”It was done; it was finished.Yes, she thought, laying down her brush in extreme fatigue, I have had my vision.” These lines are spoken by Lily Briscoe. It Shows that Lily done her goal. She completed her painting, which she couldn’t complete when she come Lighthouse last time. She wants to make painting of Mrs. Ramsay, but she couldn’t get the perfect vision. At last she got the perfect vision and she complete her picture and that she spoke these lines. If we talk about movie “To the Lighthouse” in movie Lily speak different sentence like this "Closed doors, open windows" - lies on the bed and with some sort of satisfaction utters: "Dearest Briscoe, you are a fool." This line shows happiness of Lily after completed the picture of Mrs. Ramsay. In the last part of movie we can see that how Lily imagine that Mrs. Ramsay is living and she saw her everywhere and this way she got her last vision for her painting.

 To answer of the 5th question, the word Künstlerroman means, 
an artist novel detailing the artist's growth to maturity. It means we can say that the writer Virginia Woolf gave the autobiographical touch in the novel. In Woolf’s real life her sister is a good painter and here in the novel Woolf draws Lily’s character as her sister. In the novel Woolf shows Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay have eight siblings and in Woolf’s real life they are also eight siblings. So this way we can say that Woolf uses many autobiographical elements skillfully in this novel.

  To answer of the 2nd question, in the novel ‘To the Lighthouse’, we can say the character of Lily Briscoe is tribute and critique of Mrs. Ramsay. She want to make the painting of Mrs. Ramsay and she also inspired by her. She doesn’t want to take her place but she want to gave tribute by making Mrs. Ramsay’s portrayal. So we can say that Lily Briscoe is critique and as well as she gave the tribute to Mrs. Ramsay.

 To answer of 1st question, in this novel we can see the complexity of human relationship from many characters. For we can see this type of complexity between the two characters, James and Mr. Ramsay. In the beginning of the novel when father denied James to go at Lighthouse than James didn’t like his father. So it shows the complexity between father and son relationship. But at the end all comes well in their relationship. Here we can also see the man’s thinking towards woman. In the novel Charles asks Lily, “woman can’t write and paint”, while she painting.

 To answer of 4rth question, here we can see many myths in this novel. Such like Oedipus complex and pagan myth. We can see Oedipus complex in the relation of Mrs. Ramsay and James. We find pagan myth in Mrs. Ramsay’s character. In pagan myth Rhea, Demeter and Persephone this tree are reflected in Mrs. Ramsay’s character. So this way Woolf uses myth in this novel.

  To answer of 7nth question, this novel is open ended novel. In the beginning the Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay are quarrelling with each other. There is not satisfactory relationship between Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay. James did not like her father. In the end the relationship of father and son is coming good and Lily completed her painting. Lily’s painting has not clear vision towards Mrs. Ramsay.

Waiting for Godot

    1] Waiting for Godot is very boring and meaningless play. Beckett use a country road, a tree and evening time as the setting of play. He inspired by the painting of Caspar David Frederick. In first painting we can see same setting as this play have. There are two person waiting for something, here in the play Vladimir and Estragon are waiting for Godot. they are deep longing for Godot, gut why they are waiting that they don’t know and we also don’t know. In the first painting we can see that there is no leaf in the tree and in the play same tree is there. But in second painting we can see the tree is sprouted and in the Act-II of the play the tree is blossomed. It shows hope.     
         2] The tree is one of the parts of setting, if the playwright use the tree there is some deeper meaning behind it. The tree is hope for both tramps. In act-I the is baron so it shows the emptiness in the life in both tramps. But in 2nd act the tree has four of five leaves. It shows the hope. It is thinkable for us that how the tree is blossomed in one night, so we can say that they are waiting for Godot still much time. 
         3] In both acts, evening falls into night it show the hope for the two tramps that Godot will come next day and they got their answer. “Coming of night and moon “is shows that time is not waiting for any one. We are keeping waiting for good time but time is not waiting for us. It’s come and goes.
              4] Use of debris in the play by director, it shows the reality of our life. If we don’t use our time in proper way than our life is fallen down like the building and became like debris. 
             5] “Nothing to be done” this sentence is shown the nothingness in both lives. They do very meaningless activities. Actually they are waiting for Godot, but they don’t know anything about Godot that how he is looking? When and where he come? So it meaningless for waiting.       
              7] Hat and Boots use as props in the play. Both props are means of their time pass. They changing hat and boots and passing their boring time. 
             8] Obedience of Lucky for his master Pozzo is irrelevant thing. It is good to give respect to our master but not like that as Lucky do. It is shows that Capitalism is not removed properly. It living somewhere and rule over the people like Lucky.
              9] According to me God is object of everything as well as nothing. If we believe that God is exist than we desire something from him but we don’t believe in God’s existence, we haven’t any hope from him and believed in ourselves. 
       10] “The subject of the play is not Godot but Waiting”, it shows the hope of something. May be they are waiting for death may be waiting for something to happened , may be waiting for  success or the just passes their time etc. They themselves don’t know why they are waiting.
                    11] Yes, while reading the play reader have to think on the dialogue of Vladimir, because this dialogue shows the unpleasant truth if human condition and deep philosophical thinking of human life. while viewing this play the dialogues goes of narrating speedily that’s why viewers cannot find enough time to think between the dialogue.
      13] Yes, the effect of existentialism clearly shown in this play, because existentialism itself represents the empty human condition. While in the movie it is clearly represent by the character of Estragon and Vladimir. Nothingness is the major part of their life. 

One Night @ the Call Center

 

Chetan Bhagat has closely observed Indian society. He wrote all about the way Indian youngsters live their lives. Chetan Bhagat has tried to capture the social under covers in the novel. Chetan Bhagat has touched the center. He brought out the probes of most of the Indians. His imaginative delineation touches our heart.  He has raised issues concerning youth. Chetan Bhagat’s literary contribution is good one.

Mannepean satire
 Greek writer Menippus, from where the words Menippian satire comes out. It is locality. Shyam and Vroom at the end of the novel tied their own luck, left the call center. Radhika also threw away the conventional set ups.

Globalization has affected the characters novel at various levels. Novel is based on the theme of globalization. Military uncle is connected with his son and grandson, vroom and Shyam designs webs. The title itself has the theme of globalization.

Narrative structure
Theme of existentialism is there. The narrative structure of the novel is quite different. Chetan Bhagat has a unique style for the narrative structure of the novel. Shyam narrates the novel. plot governed by law of probability problem of dues ex machine – the God – solved within the narrative by giving alternative to read the novel compare with other similar experiments.

Popular literature
The negative character of popular literature creation.
Its negative effects on high literary culture:
Popular literature steals from highbrow literature thus debasing it, and it lairs away potential contributors, thus pool of talent.
The negative effects on the audience.
Its negative effects on society at large.

As self help book
“Self – help” by Samuel Smies (1859) but are also known and classified under “self- improvement” it is good command over technology.

The Birthday Party

 After reading and watching this play, we can interpret it many different ways. Pinter gives us the texture-the sounds and sights of a world without structure, which is the heart and soul of the play also. In the begging of the movie we can heard many sound which effect horror atmosphere. In the movie the director use frightening effect like darker room, shutting of door sound, close up scenes, long shorts, etc. these types of effects cannot seen on stage. Texture is very important. Car is showing some symbol. The ‘knocking at the door’ happens in the play create fear. It is happens in many times in the play. Stanley was also afraid while hearing the sound of door knock. ‘Silences’ and ‘pauses’ used in the movie to give a character time to think about what he/she is going to say next, to avoid conversation, to see the effect of what has been said the interlocutor etc. The use of things like mirror, toy drum, newspapers, breakfast, chairs, window-hatch etc in the movie shows many symbols. Like Mirror is telling lie to us. It shows us what we want to see. It gave false image of us. Newspaper is shows as means of communication between Meg and Petey. 
           The effect of lurking danger while viewing the beginning scene of the movie, while car is going it shows something going wrong. And also when Meg says whose there? It was Petey, but first we feel something suspend. That type of feeling we cannot feel while reading the play. Petey is reading newspaper to Meg, and tells her that what is in the news. Torn pieces by McCain,  that pieces are hidden by Petey in last scene, which shows that Petey knows what is happened with Stanley but he hide it from Meg. Viewing movie help in better understanding of the play ‘The Birthday Party’ with its typical characteristics. Like use of silence, pause, painteresque, lurking, danger, etc tool are useful to individual to interpret many ways. I don’t think that there should  be any change in the movie. This is my point of view about this play and movie.

The Da Vinci Code

   “The Da Vinci Code” is very interesting and thriller novel written by Dan Brown. It is also detective and conspiracy fiction. Dan Brown deconstructs the idea that “intelligence goes with man”. He presents a woman as more intelligent.  While viewing movie I find changes in the beginning of the novel and movie. Movie starts with the murder of Jacques Sauniere. And the novel starts with prologue which gave the information about the Louver museum. In movie we saw that the murder of Jacques Sauniere happened in the Louver museum. Both narrative of movie and novel are effective.   
 It is very controversial novel. We can see that Christianity challenged in the novel. In the novel the members of Priory of Sion wants to keep secret about the real blood of Jesus, but some wants to destroy it. 
 Here the fact of Jesus Christ and Mary Magdalene’s relationship is hidden so that there won’t be any controversy due to the faith of people. 
 I think Teabing and Robert observed feminist symbol and the symbol of grail while rereading the painting. Firstly they observed that there are not only men in the painting but a woman is also there, who is Mary Magdalene.   
                           ‘Holy Grail’ is the center of the novel. All characters are quest for that. All are wants to know about that where the ‘Holy Grail’ actually is. The member of Priory of Sion are keeping care of the ‘Holy Grail’,  Jacques Sauniere was one of them who killed by Silas. Silas is working for Teacher, who also wants to know about the secret of the ‘Holy Grail’. Actually ‘Holy Grail is the grave of Mary Magdalene, this secret is revealed by Robert Langdon at the end of the novel. The ‘Holy Grail’ is the proof of the ‘Royal Blood’ of Jesus. Some are thinks that Mary Magdalene was a prostitute but actually she married with Jesus, but there no any evidence about it, so the society wants to kill Mary and her child but the child was survived by the member of Priory of Sion who are the followers of Jesus. The painting “last supper of Jesus” by Da Vinci is hidden the code that the relation of Jesus and Mary Magdalene. This painting is decoded by Teabing in the movie very well.  Teabing also said about the “Holy Grail” that “human cannot find the ‘Holy Grail’, ‘Holy Grail’ find the people itself”.
 symbology- the novel is full of symbolical terms
Sarcophagus-the grave of Mary Magdalene
Merovingian Dynasty-blood line of Jesus
Priory- comity of members to protect the secret of Holy Grail
Opus Dei- institute
              The character of Sophie Neuve is very well portrayed by Dan Brown. He shows the woman character more powerful and intelligent than the male character. Even Robert cannot think what Sophie think. According to ‘The Paradise Lost’ by Milton, the first sin is done by a woman so women are not so intelligent, but Dan Brown portrayed a woman character more powerful than male .we can say that this novel is anti-Christian novel. the basic center of the novel is to restore the basic idea of feminine sacredness, basic idea of male and female etc. here we can say that the narrow idea towards the religion. 
                       “Genesis tells us that Eve was created from Adam’s rib. Woman became an offshoot of man and sinful . Genesis was the beginning of the end for the goddess.” It tells that Eve was created From Adam’s rib. So it shows that woman is a branch of man. Genesis tells that woman is offshoot of man, but it’s wrong. Bible tells that Eve is comes from Adam’s rib, but we can raised the question that from where Adam come? 
                         Milton’s  “The Paradise Lost” is faithful to the Bible, but it harms humanity. We can raise many questions that why Milton presents the woman as downfall of a man? Why he shows Eve as unintelligent why not Adam? So its harmful to humanity. We cannot say that Dan Brown’s “The Da Vinci Code” is not faithful to Christianity. He shows a woman character more powerful than the male character. Both narrations of Milton and Dan Brown are controversial. 
            The character of ‘Ophelia’ in “Hamlet”, portrayed as a weak character. She is treated as puppet by Hamlet and also the other male character. She is not so independent. In Frankenstein the character of Elizabeth is portrayed as kind and calm. The character of Hester Prynne in “The Scarlet Letter” portrayed as a modern woman, she did sin but live with strong feeling that what she did was not sin. But some way she is also ruled by the male dominated society. But we can see the character of Sophie Neuve in “The Da Vinci Code” is totally different from above all three female characters. She portrayed as very strong and intelligent character in whole novel. She has not any restrictions. Here we can see in “Da Vinci Code” that how a woman leads the much of the part of the story.
I think there can be conspiracy in any religion with symbols and myth. 
 There are many novels and movies which are accepted notion about Hindu religion and culture. Like the novel “One Night @ Call Centre” by Chetan Bhagat is related with Hindu religion. In that novel at the end God solves the problems of all characters. In the movie “Oh My God” there is also solution given by God. But that movie became very controversial. Now-a-days the movie P.K has become very controversial. In the movie director criticizes wrong belief  related to religion. We cannot say that God really exist or not, but there is something over us which rules us. All have different interpretation about religion.
               We can say that The Da Vinci Code” is anti-Christian novel. All have different point of views about such novels and movies. It depends upon the reader that how to interpret it. We can clearly visible that feminine is center of the novel. Dan Brown chooses a girl as the Royal Blood of Jesus, not a boy. 

The Sense of an Ending

Respected sir,

              As my understanding I explain this novel. The Sense of an Ending is an open ended novel. The plot of the novel is psychological thriller. The title of the novel itself suggests something. The title is borrowed from a book of the same name by Frank Kermode’s “The Theory of Fiction”, it’s a non-fictional book. Primarily title suggests that narrator Tony being old and he recalls his past memory. Memory reconstructs the past, which we can also see in the novel The Old Man and the Sea. Tony recalls his youth days. It is said that Old people remains in past and young people remains in future. Like Tony he is being old so he always remains in his past memory. The novel is about Tony’s search of his self. Tony narrates the story. The novel leads postmodern time. We can’t understand postmodern novel without understanding the modern novel. Narrator’s technique is not easily understood. There is no beginning and no ending in postmodern novel. The writer of the novel Julian Barnes uses unreliable narrative technique. Here “Ending” suggests that there is no way of change, means once it happen than there is no change possible. We can’t change our past; we can just recall our past. Recalling our past is the ending of our sense, but not ending our life. Life is not end here but it’s changing. In old age we should do self-reliance. Tony is happy and independent in his old age. Nothing left in his life, there is satisfaction in his life. But how can one think that he or she satisfied with his or her life. There should be something left in life which cannot be fulfilled.

          The meaning of phrase ‘Blood Money’ in Veronica’s reply email is blood money as per Veronica, Sarah’s 500 pounds for the happiness she had with Adrian, Veronica sacrifices her happiness and takes care of mentally retarded Adrian, veronica as instinctive or manipulative, all his allegations for Veronica and Adrian came to be true for his own character, not only his ‘words’ in the letter to Adrian came to ‘life’, but what he said and thought and memorized as true history of survivor, proved to be limited interpretation of the events, it rather mirrored Tony’s true self to himself – leads to the deep introspection about oneself, when one passes judgments on others.

        Time plays very important role in the novel. Time holds us and also it moulds us. Tony recalls his past, his school days. In his school days there were no happy moments, but he made friend Adrian. Tony wants to be like Adrian, who is his role model. He is debating with his own self. He recalls many incidents of his past. But we know that we cannot remember everything, something remains deformed in our mind. So Tony himself is not sure about his narration that what he narrates is 100% true. Some events or incidents are leaving its traces in our life, some give happiness or some give pain. In school Tony and his friends are wears the watch with face on of wrist, it shows that they are hiding something or something they want to keep secret.

                About suicide of Adrian, Adrian had explained his reasoning of suicide in his letter: that life is a gift bestowed without anyone asking for it; that the thinking person has a philosophical duty to examine both the nature of life and the conditions it comes with; and that if this person decides to renounce the gift no one asks for, it is a moral and human duty to act on the consequences of that decision. Tony came to know that before Adrian’s death Adrian was happy, later he knows that before suicide Adrian lived with Sarah not with Veronica, so he thought that why Adrian was happy in his last days, because of Sarah.

        Here we can also see the complex of Eros and Thanatos. One is related with love, self-preservation and anther is related with death instinct and no meaning of life. There also many suicides are happen in the novel, like Robson’s suicide and Adrian’s suicide. We also connect the Thelma and Luicy complex with their suicide. Suicide is suggests that one is escape from responsibility or something. The last word of the novel “unrest” suggests that ending with rest, rest with self. Means we that we are happy and life ends happily but it is our illusion, ending is shattered. 

Poems list of B.A. level

Poems list
of

B.A. level

S.N.D.T Women’s University. Mumbai. Smt. N. C. Gandhi Mahila Arts and Commerce college, Bhavnagar

Amy Lowell:

Ø Patterns

Ø  The Weather-Cock points south

W.H. Auden:

Ø Lullaby

Ø Musee des Beaux Arts

 T.S. Eliot:

Ø Wasteland,

 Section 1,The Burial of the Dead

Section 3,The Fire Sermon

W.B. Yeats:

Ø The Second Coming

Ø Sailing to Byzantium

Gretrude Stein:

Ø From stanza in MeditationPart 1, 3,5

 Wallace Stevens:

Ø The Snow Man

Ø The Emperor Ice Cream

Emily Dickinson:

Ø    My Life Had Stood –A Loaded Gun

Edna St. Vincent Milay:

Ø   I, Being Born a Woman and Distressed

Gwendolyn Brooks:

Ø     We Real Cool

Adrienne Rich:

Ø   Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers

Helen Dunmore:

Ø     Sisters Leaving Before Dance

Michelle Robert:

Ø   The Return

 Carol N. Duffy:

Ø  Warming Her Pearls

Sujatha Bhatt:

Ø Muliebrity

Maya Angelou:

Ø  Africa

Different forms of poetry and the selected poems

A) Pastoral:

1.    Edmund Spenser:

Ø Fairie Queene

B)Songs and Sonnets:

1)   Elizabethan:

Ø Queen Elizabeth: When I Was Fair and Young

Ø Sir Walter Raleign: The Lie

v William Shakespeare:

Ø Shall I Compare Thee to a Summers Day

Ø Not Marble, Nor The Gilded Monuments

2) Metaphysical

Ø John Donne: Death Be Not Proud

Ø John Milton: When I Consider How My life is Spent

Ø  Aphra Behn: Love Armed

3)Romantic

o   William Blake: The Tiger

o   P.B. Shelley: Ozymandias

o   Robert Burns: A Red, Red Rose

o   Keats: On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer

4)Narrative:

q  S. T. Coleridge: Kubla Khan

q Alfred Tennyson: The Lady of Chalet

5)Ode:

v William Wordsworth: Ode to Westminster Bridge

6) Parody:

§  Wendy Cope: Not Only Marble, But The Plastic Toys

7)Ballads:

Thomas Campbell:

Ø Lord Ullin’s Daughter

Ø Modern Beatles, Bob Dylan

Derozio:

Ø To India - My Native Land

Toru Dutt:

Ø Sonnet- The Lotus

Rabindranath Tagore:

Ø Where the Mind is Without Fear

Ø With malice the world has gone mad

Sarojini Naidu:

Ø The Palanquin Bearers

Ø Bangle Sellers

Dom Moraes:

1.    Snow on a Mountain

2.    Family Dinner

Kamala Das:

1.    An Introduction

2.    The Dance of The Eunuchs

•      Dramatic Monologue:

Robert Browning: My Last Duchess

•     Non-Sense poems and Parody:

Edward Lear: The Owl and The Pussy Cat

                         Wendy Cope

•     Elegy:

W.H. Auden: In Memory of W. B. Yeats

Poems from 19^th and 20^th century

•      Emily Dickinson:

I Never Lost As Much, But Twice

•      Christina Rossetti:

When I Am Dead, My Dearest

•      W. B. Yeats:

Ø When You Are Old

Ø Second Coming

•      Robert Frost:

Ø Mending Wall

Ø The Road Not Taken

•      Wallace Stevens:

Ø The Jar

•      T.S. Eliot:

Ø Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

•      Wilfred Owen:

Ø Strange Meeting

•      Langston Hughes:

Ø Harlem

•      Stevie Smith:

Ø Mr. Over

•      Dylan Thomas:

Ø Do not go gentle into that good night

•      Gwendylon Brooks:

Ø We Real Cool

•      Philip Larkin:

Ø Church Going

•      Adriean Rich:

Ø Aunt Jenifer’s Tigers

•      Ted Hughes:

Ø The Thought Fox

•      Sylvia Plath:

Ø Daddy

•      Nissim Ezekiel:

Ø Poet, Lover, Bird Watcher

Ø The Railway Cleark

•      Eunice de Sauza:

Ø Catholic Mother

Ø Forgive Me Mother, an advice to women

•      Adil Jussawala:

Ø Tea in the Universities

Ø Approaching Santa Cruz Airport, Bombay

·       Arun Kolatkar:

Ø An Old Women

Ø Yeshwant Rao

·       Dilip Chitre:

Ø The Light of Birds Breaks the Lunateo’s Sleep

Ø The Feeling of the Banyan Tree

·       Imtiaz  Dharkar:

Ø From Purdah Purdah I

Ø Minority                                    

•      Arundhati Subramaniam:

Ø Heirloom

Ø Recycled

•      Ranjit Hoskote:

Ø Association of an Artist                                                           

Ø A  Poem for Grand Mother

•      William Wordsworth:

Ø The Solitary Reaper

Ø Lucy Poems

•      S.T. Coleridge:

Ø Christable

•      P.B. Shelley:

Ø Ode to the Westwind

Ø To a Skylark

•      John Keats:

Ø La Bella Dame Sans Merci

Ø To a Nightingale

•      Alfred Tennyson:

Ø Tears, Idle Tears

Ø Break, Break, Break

•      Robert Browning:

Ø Meeting at night Parting at Morning

Ø Two in Campana

•      Elizabeth Barret Browning:

Ø How Do I Love Thee

•      Matthew Arnold:

Ø Dover Beach

Ø To Margueite

•      Christina Rossetti:

Ø Remember Me